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Graphene

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www.mining.com/web/dormant-swedish-mi...

(Bloomberg) — The global race to develop batteries for electric cars is reaching deep into the pine forests of central Sweden, where a dormant graphite mine is getting a new lease on life.

Woxna, situated about 160 miles (259 kilometers) north of Stockholm, was mothballed in 2001 amid a slump in prices. Now, a Canadian company called Leading Edge Materials Corp. is preparing to revive operations.

Though graphite has grabbed fewer headlines than other battery components like lithium and cobalt, whose prices have surged in recent months, the carbon material makes up a large part of the raw material costs.

Leading Edge’s push in Sweden is part of a wider trend in recent years of mining companies snapping up European permits as carmakers rush to develop electric models. Finland, Portugal and the U.K. have attracted prospectors. In addition to graphite, the Vancouver-based firm is also studying lithium deposits near Woxna, and has plans to go after cobalt in neighboring Finland.

The company wants to be a “one-stop shop” for battery manufacturers, according to Chief Executive Officer Blair Way. It’s testing a purified form of graphite from Woxna with the goal of making enough by 2020 to sell to battery-makers such as NorthVolt AB, which was founded by a former Tesla Inc. executive and plans to start large-scale output in Sweden. The miner has also held talks with car-makers including BMW AG.

“We’ve proven our graphite in the labs,” Way said in an interview. “We now have to produce enough so that these guys can take a big bag away and use it in their own cell production.”

A sustained shift to EVs would be the biggest revolution in the car industry since the invention of the internal combustion engine. The number of battery-powered vehicles is expected to rise to 530 million by 2040, from around 3 million today, and prices for key battery materials have jumped. Cobalt has tripled in the past 18 months, while lithium rose by about a third.

What’s different about graphite — which is widely used in the steel industry to insulate furnaces and has historically been exploited for pencils — is that it’s not a metal like lithium and cobalt and can be made synthetically. According to the Leading Edge CEO, a $20,000 battery pack for a Tesla contains about $1,200 worth of graphite, mainly of the synthetic variety. While the Palo Alto-based car maker doesn’t publicize component costs, whose prices fluctuate, its batteries are likely to also require about $1,300 worth of lithium and $800 of cobalt.

By replacing some of the man-made graphite with a purified natural form, according to Way, the cost could drop by as much as 40 percent. And by using renewable energy to cut emissions during the purifying process, the executive wants to position Leading Edge’s graphite as sustainable.

European industry executives and EU politicians have said they’re pushing for local development of batteries in order to crack dominance by China, which is expected to control supply chains over the next decade. Rio Tinto Group aims to start lithium production from its Jadar deposit in Serbia by 2023, and Sweden’s Boliden AB is currently considering whether to refashion its mine in Kylylahti, Finland, to focus on cobalt from copper, zinc and gold.

Meaningful amounts
Securing raw materials is a “vital part” of the European Union’s efforts, even though they aren’t abundantly available in the region, according to Maros Sefcovic, the European Commission’s Vice President for Energy Union. To lower dependency on third country sources, the EU is promoting recycling and the use of substitutes, he said.

Finland has some of Europe’s largest reserves of cobalt, as well as facilities that refine almost 15 percent of global cobalt production, with most of the raw material currently imported.

“We have several known deposits, and there is certainly potential for finding new ores,” said Pekka Nurmi, Director of Science and Innovation at the Geological Survey of Finland. “There is a huge interest in battery metals from Finland.”

The miners’ plans are part of a larger blueprint for future European battery production, which is still in a nascent phase. German chemical maker BASF SE is planning a 400 million-euro ($492 million) cathode factory, South Korea’s LG Chem has said it will open Europe’s largest lithium-ion battery factory in Poland this year, and startup projects such as Germany’s TerraE and NorthVolt are underway.

“If the forecasts are correct then by 2020 we’d probably be able to supply meaningful amounts to those customers,” Way said. “If they should stumble along the way, we have to be careful that we aren’t ahead of them. The last thing I want to be is in production and not have a customer to sell to.”

(Written by Niclas Rolander and Jesper Starn)

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www.miningweekly.com/article/quest-fo...

Quest for cheaper batteries lures money from Russian billionaire
4TH APRIL 2018

BY: BLOOMBERG

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Russian billionaire Oleg Deripaska is investing in research into next-generation batteries to replace the lithium-ion units that are currently used in phones and cars, and to store power from solar plants.

The tycoon’s En+ Group, which owns power plants and the largest aluminum maker outside China, is studying sodium-ion and aluminium graphene-ion tech, said Anna Korotchenkova, research and development chief, in a Moscow interview.

Production of lithium needs to quadruple in a decade to meet growing demand for batteries to power electric vehicles, Goldman Sachs Group said last year. Prices rose almost fourfold in the past three years.

Aluminum graphene-ion technology may be best suited to replace lithium-ion batteries in electric cars and gadgets, while sodium-based units would be better for storing power from solar and wind, according to Korotchenkova.

Sodium has about 70% of the energy intensity of lithium, but is cheaper, making it more useful in industry where size is less important, she said. En+ hopes for a first prototype by the end of the year. Aluminum is abundant and has three times the energy intensity of lithium, Korotchenkova said.

The investment in battery research is seen at $1-million over three years. If successful, En+ would use sodium-based batteries at its own Abakan solar plant, as well as developing them as a separate business.

Any working aluminium-graphene technology may be sold to global battery producers or En+ may seek joint ventures.

EDITED BY: CREAMER MEDIA REPORTER
Osho
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www.marketwatch.com/story/northern-gr...

Northern Graphite Corporation (NGC) (otcqx:NGPHF) ("Northern" or the "Company") announces that it has signed a Memorandum of Understanding ("MOU") with a European commodity trading company to sell 100 per cent of the projected output from the Bissett Creek graphite project in China. The parties intend to enter into a binding agreement when a number of conditions have been met, including the arrangement of project financing. Northern's partner will be identified at that time as per their request.
Osho
0
www.graphene-info.com/graphene-commer...
7 fases, waarin de bron vermeld dat de ontwikkelingen zich op dit moment in fase 5 begeven. Het is uiteraard niet exact aan te geven wanneer Graphene als veelgebruikte grondstof ''doorbreekt''. Wel handig voor het inschatten waar bedrijven nu daadwerkelijk staan.
Osho
0
Focus Graphite. Dit was niet een van m'n favoriete aandelen, maar er lijkt toch wat beweging in te zitten de laatste weken. Van 0.02 CAD naar 0.05 CAD en meervoudige nieuwsberichten. Ze hebben ook een overeenkomst met Grafoid lopen (niet beurs genoteerd):

www.marketwatch.com/press-release/foc...

De meeste mensen die Graphite volgen kennen de functie hiervan m.b.t. de EV (r)evolutie. Alles staat al bijna een jaar tijd flink rood.: business.financialpost.com/business-t...

Osho
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roskill.com/news/graphite-china-us-tr...

Graphite products are among more than 5,000 US materials on which China introduced import tariffs from 1 June 2019. Both natural flake graphite and synthetic graphite will be affected with a 10% tariff and the intermediate product spherical graphite will see a 25% tariff. Spherical graphite is a vital material for use in the anodes of lithium-ion batteries, helping to underpin burgeoning electric vehicle market. The tariffs are a retaliation after the US announced an increase to its own tariffs on Chinese graphite and many other materials from 10% to 25% on 10 May.
Osho
0
roskill.com/news/graphite-china-conti...

Graphite: China continues with record levels of natural graphite imports
Posted 22nd July 2019 in General News.
By Suzanne Shaw

China continues to increase its imports of natural graphite to meet rising domestic demand from the lithium-ion battery sector, with monthly imports increasing by 2,000% since the end of 2017 (before which they were less than 1ktpy) to exceed 22kt in May 2019. These figures exclude the import of very low value, crude material from North Korea. Almost all of the new shipments have come from Mozambique and Madagascar, where a large amount of new supply is becoming available.

Roskill View
China has significant resources of battery-grade graphite, however, many of the deposits being exploited are getting deeper and more expensive to mine. Coupled with rising environmental costs and other costs of production, China is looking increasingly to foreign sources of supply, in particular, those in Africa.

Syrah Resources began production at its large-scale Balama flake graphite project in Mozambique in late 2017 and ramped up to more than 104kt of production in 2018; the vast majority of its shipments have been destined for the Chinese battery industry.

In Madagascar, several companies are looking to ramp-up production of flake graphite including the long-term producer Établissements Gallois and companies with newly re-developed projects such as Bass Metals of Australia (Graphmada) and Tirupati Group of India (Sahamamy). Madagascar is known for production of very large size flake graphite, a size fraction for which China has relatively limited resources, and which has specialist use in the growing expandable/expanded graphite sector.
Osho
0
Talga
www.aumanufacturing.com.au/talga-to-w...

Talga in Innovate UK Electric Drive Project for Bentley Motors E-Axle

Battery anode and graphene additives provider Talga Resources Ltd (“Talga” or “the Company”)
(ASX:TLG) is pleased to announce it has been approved for Innovate UK co-funding to support
development of an e-axle designed for Bentley Motors.
The OCTOPUS project aims to deliver the ultimate single unit e-axle solution designed specifically to
meet Bentley Motors performance specifications via optimised motor and power electronics
technology and materials. The project is funded under the Office for Low Emission Vehicles’ and
Innovate UK’s “IDP15: The Road to Zero Emission Vehicles” competition.

Under the project Talga will develop and provide graphene materials for the high performance
electric motor windings to deliver an aluminium-based solution aimed at outperforming, and
ultimately replacing, the copper windings currently used.
Osho
0
quote:

Osho schreef op 27 april 2020 12:24:

Talga
www.aumanufacturing.com.au/talga-to-w...

Talga in Innovate UK Electric Drive Project for Bentley Motors E-Axle

Battery anode and graphene additives provider Talga Resources Ltd (“Talga” or “the Company”)
(ASX:TLG) is pleased to announce it has been approved for Innovate UK co-funding to support
development of an e-axle designed for Bentley Motors.
The OCTOPUS project aims to deliver the ultimate single unit e-axle solution designed specifically to
meet Bentley Motors performance specifications via optimised motor and power electronics
technology and materials. The project is funded under the Office for Low Emission Vehicles’ and
Innovate UK’s “IDP15: The Road to Zero Emission Vehicles” competition.

Under the project Talga will develop and provide graphene materials for the high performance
electric motor windings to deliver an aluminium-based solution aimed at outperforming, and
ultimately replacing, the copper windings currently used.
www.talgagroup.com/irm/PDF/3a1b7520-5...

+34%
Kwestie van tijd voordat een meervoud van de 36 een overeenkomst aangaat.

''Commercial samples of Talnode-C, and in some cases Talnode-Si, are progressing through
confidential qualification processes under 36 active customer engagements. These include the
majority of announced Li-ion battery manufacturers in Europe (see Figure 1) and six of the world’s
major automotive OEMs.''
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