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A separate category of immunomodulatory strategies for Long COVID stems from the hypothesis that the disease is driven by pathogenic immune overreactions, including autoantibodies, cytokine storms, lymphocyte infiltration and microglial activation.
The idea is behind a trial testing the recombinant C1 esterase inhibitor Ruconest from Pharming Group N.V. (Euronext:PHARM), which is approved to treat hereditary angioedema (HAE).
Isaac Melamed, a physician at IMMUNOe Health Centers in Colorado who is leading the study, told BioCentury the complement pathway checkpoint molecule has the potential to dampen both inflammation and coagulation triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection. “Complement is a key player in the interaction between COVID-19 and the immune system, leading to cytokine storms,” he said.