BMW to Cut Carbon Footprint by Using Innovative Materials
By Strategic Research Institute on Sep 08, 2021 10:00 am
The BMW Group is stepping up its fight against climate change with a unique sustainability strategy and clearly defined CO2 targets, as announced by Oliver Zipse, Chairman of the Board of Management of BMW AG at a media event in Munich. The main focus of the company’s pioneering strategy is, on the one hand, to drastically reduce CO2 per vehicle by 2030. On the other, with the introduction of the “Neue Klasse”, the BMW Group will be massively promoting the use of secondary material and the forward-looking principles of the circular economy. The BMW Group is committing to a more sustainable pathway, with the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees C.
Fulfilment of all climate goals is closely tied to research and development of sustainable materials. The BMW Group believes only a holistic approach to the use of proven and new materials can permanently reduce CO2 emissions. For this reason, the BMW Group is focusing its research and development efforts on environmentally-compatible raw materials. At the same time, it is accelerating targeted the creation of a secondary-materials market and working with select startups and experienced material suppliers to develop pioneering materials.
For both the interior and exterior, the use of intelligent, sustainable materials forms the basis for resource-efficient car-building. The BMW Group has defined material groups with sustainable properties that set new standards and span all four dimensions of the circular economy: RE:THINK, RE:DUCE, RE:USE and RE:CYCLE.
he BMW Group has used renewable raw materials in its vehicles for a number of years now – for example, in door trim panels, where a natural-fibre mat is paired with a plastic matrix to provide the necessary stability. Renewable raw materials like natural fibres are not only 30 percent lighter than plastic alternatives, they also come into the CO2 calculation with a negative value, since they absorb CO2 and release oxygen during the growth phase.
In recognition of this potential, the BMW Group and its partners have systematically further developed the use of fibres such as hemp, kenaf and flax, providing them with natural fibre lattice structures. Thanks to these support structures, it is possible to maintain their mechanical properties and avoid additional weight by reducing the amount of material needed.
Wood can be used as a renewable raw material in many different areas of application. The BMW Group is also conducting research into pioneering wood foams with an open-pored structure made up of finely ground wood particles. The foams’ resistance comes from the wood’s own binding forces, which make it possible to dispense with synthetic adhesives. The foams therefore consist of 100-percent renewable raw materials and could replace acoustic foams in the future.
The BMW Group already uses up to 100-percent recycled plastic in its thermoplastic components and is working with pioneering plastic manufacturers to further develop recycled plastics and bioplastics with a significantly lower carbon footprint. In addition to recycled plastics, the company also employs biobased plastics and plastics reinforced with natural fibres such as cellulose, hemp, wood or bamboo to reduce the percentage of oil-based primary plastics. The aim is to use thermoplastics with an average of 40 percent recycled material by 2030.
New vegan and resource-efficient leather alternatives are another important element of the BMW Group’s research. Synthetic leather with biobased raw materials, 100-percent recycled polyester textiles and cork particles enable CO2 emissions to be reduced by up to 45 percent compared to today’s PVC synthetic leather. In cooperation with the startup Adriano di Marti S.A. de C.V., the BMW Group is researching a sustainable cactus-based material. DeserttexTM is made from pulverised cactus fibres with a biobased polyurethane matrix. Another promising alternative to leather is the fully recyclable MirumTM, which mimics all the properties of traditional leather, yarns and foams. The BMW Group’s equity investment in the startup Natural Fiber Welding opens up new possibilities for developing and implementing plant-based material options.
As part of its research and development activities, the BMW Group is working on innovative materials with the potential for use in future vehicles. These include synthetic textile variants, which are mostly used for seat covers. They have a low carbon footprint and can be manufactured from 100-percent recycled material. Thanks to their composition, they can repeatedly be fed back into the cycle and reused several times over the course of their product lifecycle. The BMW Group aims to use more mono-materials, instead of multi-layered, multi-material approaches. In seats, for instance, the cover and the foam beneath it are currently made of different materials. These can neither be easily separated out nor recycled together to create a new material that can be used in vehicles. The various connecting elements between the materials, such as adhesives and yarn, also play a role in this. If both parts are made of the same material, it is possible for them to be recycled within the circular economy. The BMW Group is also employing new techniques to give textiles a new appearance, using 3D structures, applications, templates and graphic elements, and working on a new material mix for series introduction.
With these and many other innovative measures, the BMW Group seeks to raise general awareness of sustainable materials and provide a transparent insight into its circular approach to a sustainable future – with the aim of reducing lifecycle CO2 emissions by more than 40 percent by 2030.